PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
MECHANICS AND CLASSICAL PHYSICS
Gravitational constant 6.67 x 10-11 N m2 kg-1
Acceleration due to gravity, g 9.80 m/s2 = 32 ft/s2
Speed of sound in dry air (stp) 331 m/s
ASTRONOMICAL
Length of earth year 3.16 x 107 sec
Radius of the earth 6.38 x 106m = 3965 miles
Mean radius of the earth's orbit 1.49 x 1011 m = 9.26 x 107 miles
Mass of the earth 5.98 x 1024 kg
Weight of the earth 3.3 x 1018 lb
HEAT AND KINETIC THEORY
Avogadro constant NA 6.02 x 1026 kmole-1
Boltzmann constant 1.38 x 10-23 J K-1
Universal gas constant 8310 J kmole-1 K
Absolute zero, 0°K -273 C = 460 F
Volume of 1 kmole (stp) 22.4 m3 kmole
Mechanical equivalent of heat 4185 J kcal-1
LIGHT
Vacuum speed of light 2.9979 x 108 m/s
Ångstrom unit 10-10 m
ELECTRICAL
Coulomb law constant 9.00 x 109 N m2 C2
Permittivity of free space, eo 8.85 x 10-12 F m-1
Permeability of free space, mo 4 p x 10-7 H m-1
Faraday 9.65 x 104 C m-1
ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Rest mass of the electron 9.1091 x 10-31 kg = 0.511 MeV
Electron charge 1.6021 x 10-19 C
Specific charge of electron, e/m 1.7588 x 1011 C/kg
Planck's constant 6.6257 x 10-34 J sec = 4.136 x 10-15eV s
Unified atomic mass unit (u) 1.661 x 10-27 kg = 931 MeV
(1/12 mass carbon 12 = 1/NA)
1 curie = 3.700 x 1010 disintegrations/s
1 Angstrom unit = 10-10 meter = 105 Fermi
1 Fermi = 10-15 meter
SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES
kc kg-1C-1 J kg-1K-1
ice 0.5 2000
water 1.0 4190
steam 0.48 2010
iron 0.11 470
lead 0.031 130
aluminum 0.22 910
mercury 0.033 138
glass 0.16 837
LATENT HEATS OF TRANSFORMATION
kC kg-1 J kg-1
steam-water 540 334 x 103
ice-water 80 2256 x 103
LINEAR EXPANSION COEFFICIENT
aluminum 22.2 x 10-6 C-1
brass 18.8
copper 16.2
steel 13.4
iron 11.7
ELASTIC MODULI
In units: 1010 N/m2 = 109 dyne/cm2
METAL YOUNG SHEAR BULK
Aluminum 7.0 3.0 7.0
Brass 9.1 3.6 6.1
Copper 11.0 4.22 14.0
Iron 19.0 7.0 10.0
Steel 20.0 8.4 16.0
Tungsten 36.0 15.0 20.0
STATIC FRICTION COEFFICIENT
glass on glass 0.9 to 1.0
wood on wood 0.25 to 0.5
wood on metals 0.2 to 0.6
leather on metal 0.6
rolling friction 0.004-0.006
steel on steel, 20°C, lubricated with light machine oil: 0.16
INDEX OF REFRACTION
Na (D) Hg(grn)
5890 Â 5461 Â
water 1.3330 1.3345
glass, crown 1.5170 1.5191
glass, flint 1.6499 1.6546
alcohol, ethyl 1.367
lucite 1.47
DENSITY
DENSITY OF SOLIDS
aluminum 2.7 gm/cm3
brass 8.4
copper 8.9
crown glass 2.5 to 2.7
flint glass 3.0 to 3.6
gold 19.3
iron and steel 7.88
lead 11.3
nickel 8.8
silver 10.5
wood, oak 0.60 to 0.90
wood, pine 0.35 to 0.50
zinc 7.1
DENSITY OF LIQUIDS
alcohol, ethyl 0.79
alcohol, methyl 0.81
gasoline 0.68 to 0.75
glycerine 1.26
mercury 13.6
turpentine 0.87
water 1.00
DENSITY OF GASES
air 0.001293
carbon dioxide 0.001975
helium 0.000179
hydrogen 0.000089
nitrogen 0.000125
oxygen 0.00143
RESISTIVITY OF METALS
aluminum 2.63 x 10-8 W m
brass 6.4 to 8.4
constantin 49
copper (annealed) 1.72
copper (hard drawn) 1.60
iron (annealed) 9.70
iron (hard drawn) 15.0
silver 1.63
German silver 33.0
mercury 6.93
manganin 44
SPECTRAL LINE WAVELENGTHS
Wave lengths of prominent spectral lines, in Ångstroms:
Mercury discharge
6232 orange
6152 orange
5791 yellow
5770 yellow
5461 green (bright, yellowish)
4960 green (faint)
4916 blue-green (faint)
4358 blue
4078 violet
4047 violet
Sodium flame or discharge
5890 yellow (D2 line)
5896 yellow
Neon discharge
6929 6599 6507 6402 6383 6334 6217 6164
6143 6074 6030 5882 5852 5401 5341
Hydrogen discharge
6563 red
4861 blue-green
4340 blue
4102 blue
3970 violet
3889 violet
Helium discharge
7281
7065 red
6678 red
5876 yellow
5048 blue-green (faint)
5016 blue-green
4922 blue-green (faint)
4713 blue
4686 blue
4471 blue
4438 blue (faint)
4388 blue (faint)
4144
4121
4026
3965
3889 violet
Argon discharge
4628 4596 4511 4345 4334 4300 4272 4266
4259 4201 4198 4191 4182 4164 4159
NUCLIDE MASS, in atomic mass units (u):
Z A Name Symbol Nuclide Half
Mass (u) life
electron e .00055
0 1 neutron n 1.008665 10.8 min
1 1 Hydrogen H 1.007825
1 2 Deuterium D 2.014102
1 3 Tritium T 3.016050 12.26 yr
2 3 Helium He3 3.016030
2 4 Helium He4 4.002603
2 5 Helium He5 5.0123
2 6 Helium He6 6.018892 0.802 s
3 5 Lithium Li5 5.01250
3 6 Lithium Li6 6.01702
4 9 Beryllium Be9 9.01218
26 56 Iron Fe56 55.9349
26 57 Iron Fe57 56.9354
© 1999, 2004, by Donald E. Simanek. |